Orthographic Measures

Orthographic measures are based on the written form of words. Jiwar calculates the following orthographic measures:

Orthographic N (orth_N)

Full Name: Orthographic Neighborhood Size

Description: Number and forms of words that differ by one letter via substitution only.

Output Columns:

• orth_N: Number of orthographic neighbors which differ from the target word by one letter via substitution only.

• orth_N_nbr: A list of the forms of orthographic neighbors identified in ‘orth_N’

Orthographic Density (orth_density)

Full Name: Orthographic Neighborhood Density

Description: Number and forms of words which differ from the target word by one letter via substitution, addition, or deletion.

Output Columns:

• orth_density: Number of orthographic neighbors which differ from the target word by one letter via substitution, addition, or deletion

• orth_density_nbrs: A list of the forms of orthographic neighbors identified in ‘orth_density’

OLD20

Full Name: Orthographic Levenshtein Distance-20

Description: Average orthographic Levenshtein distance of the 20 closest neighbors.

Output Column: OLD20

Orthographic Network

Full Name: Orthographic netowrk science measures

Description: Measures the interconnectedness of a word’s orthographic neighborhood at the near and distant neighbor levels.

Output Columns:

• orth_C: The clustering coefficient C measures the degree to which a word’s immediate orthographic neighbors are also orthographic neighbors of each other.

• orth_2hop_density: The 2-hop density measures the degree to which a word’s immediate and distant orthographic neighbors are also orthographic neighbors of each other.

Orthographic Neighbor Frequency

Full Name: Orthographic Neighborhood Frequency

Description: Statistics about the frequencies of orthographic neighboring words. In this measure, neighbors are defined as words differing by one letter via substitution, addition, or deletion.

Output Columns:

• orth_nbr_fpm_m: The mean frequency per million (fpm) of orthographic neighbors.

• orth_nbr_fpm_SD: The standard deviation of the frequency per million (fpm) of orthographic neighbors.

• orth_nbr_fpm_higher_m: The mean frequency per million (fpm) of orthographic neighbors that have a higher frequency than the target word.

• orth_nbr_fpm_lower_m: The mean frequency per million (fpm) of orthographic neighbors that have a lower frequency than the target word.

• orth_nbr_zipf_m: The mean Zipf value of orthographic neighbors.

• orth_nbr_zipf_SD: The standard deviation of the Zipf values of orthographic neighbors.

• orth_nbr_zipf_higher_m: The mean Zipf value of orthographic neighbors that have a higher frequency than the target word.

• orth_nbr_zipf_lower_m: The mean Zipf value of orthographic neighbors that have a lower frequency than the target word.