Phonological Measures
Phonological measures are based on the pronunciation of words. Jiwar calculates the following phonological measures:
Phonological N (phon_N)
Full Name: Phonological Neighborhood Size
Description: Number and forms of words that differ by one phoneme via substitution only.
- Output Columns:
phon_N: Number of phonological neighbors which differ from the target word by one phoneme via substitution only.phon_N_nbrs: A list of the forms of phonological neighbors identified in ‘phon_N’
Phonological Density (phon_density)
Full Name: Phonological Neighborhood Density
Description: Number and forms of words which differ from the target word by one phoneme via substitution, addition, or deletion.
- Output Columns:
phon_density: Number of phonological neighbors which differ from the target word by one phoneme via substitution, addition, or deletionphon_density_nbrs: A list of the forms of phonological neighbors identified in ‘phon_density’
PLD20
Full Name: Phonological Levenshtein Distance-20
Description: Average phonological Levenshtein distance of the 20 closest neighbors.
Output Column: PLD20
Phonological Network
Full Name: Phonological netowrk science measures
Description: Measures the interconnectedness of a word’s phonological neighborhood at the near and distant neighbor levels.
- Output Columns:
phon_C: The clustering coefficient C measures the degree to which a word’s immediate phonological neighbors are also phonological neighbors of each other.phon_2hop_density: The 2-hop density measures the degree to which a word’s immediate and distant phonological neighbors are also phonological neighbors of each other.
Phonological Neighbor Frequency
Full Name: Phonological Neighborhood Frequency
Description: Statistics about the frequencies of phonological neighboring words. In this measure, neighbors are defined as words differing by one phoneme via substitution, addition, or deletion.
- Output Columns:
phon_nbr_fpm_m: The mean frequency per million (fpm) of phonological neighbors.phon_nbr_fpm_SD: The standard deviation of the frequency per million (fpm) of phonological neighbors.phon_nbr_fpm_higher_m: The mean frequency per million (fpm) of phonological neighbors that have a higher frequency than the target word.phon_nbr_fpm_lower_m: The mean frequency per million (fpm) of phonological neighbors that have a lower frequency than the target word.phon_nbr_zipf_m: The mean Zipf value of phonological neighbors.phon_nbr_zipf_SD: The standard deviation of the Zipf values of phonological neighbors.phon_nbr_zipf_higher_m: The mean Zipf value of phonological neighbors that have a higher frequency than the target word.phon_nbr_zipf_lower_m: The mean Zipf value of phonological neighbors that have a lower frequency than the target word.